LEARNING AS A PROCESS

LEARNING AS A PROCESS

- Fontana (1981:147)

Learning is relatively persistent change in an individual's possible behavior due to experience...

1. That learning must change be individual in some way.

2. Rat this change come from as result an experience.

3. It is a change, in his possible behavior.

Kind of factors and its element (Syah:139)

Students' internal factors:

1. Physiology aspects: 

    - General condition physical

    - Sight and hearing

2. psychology aspects: 

    - Intelligence

    - Attitude

    - Interest

    - Aptitude

    - Motivation

Students' External Factor: 

1. Social environment:

    - Family

    - Teacher's staff

    - People/public

    - Peer group

2. Non social environment:

    - Home

    - School

    - Instrument

    - Nature

Students' Approach to Learning: 

1. High approach: speculative and achieving

2. Middle approach: analytical and deep

3. Low approach: reproductive and surface

(Brown, 1993: 7)

1. Learning is acquisition or getting

2. Learning is retention of information or science

3. Retention implies storage systems-memory-cognitive organization

4. Learning involve active, conscious focus on acting upon events inside/outside the organism

5. Learning is relatively permanent an object to forgetting

6. Learning involves some form as creative, perhaps reinforce practice

7. Learning is a change in behavior

Bases and Processes of Learning

1. Base of Learning:

    - Motivation

    - Apprehending

    - Acquisition

    - Retention

    - Recall

    - Generalization

    - Performance 

    - Feedback

2. Associated Process

    - Expectancy 

    - Attention; selective perception

    - Coding, short term memory

    - Long-term memory

    - Retrieval

    - Transfer of Learning

    - Responding

    - Reinforcement 

3. Teaching Points

    - Inform of objectives, teacher relationship, extrinsic or intrinsic

    - Direct attention, clear instruction

    - Hook-up new to old learning

    - Encourage use of cues

    - Revision strategy

    - Apply bones of a situation to another

    - Encourage responding

    - Provide accurate a precise feedback, ensure feeling of succes